什麼時候用 to + 不定詞
表達目的
I’ll call her to tell her what happened. 我會打電話告訴她發生了什麼事。
We’re going to the market to buy some food. 我們要去市場買些食物。
在某個形容詞之後
I’m glad to know you passed the test. 我很高興知道你通過了考試。
I’m so sorry to hear that. 聽到這個消息我很難過。
在 it + be + 形容詞 (+名詞/代名詞)
It is fantastic to be here. 來到這裡真是太棒了。
It was so nice of her to say that. 她這麼說真是太好了。
由動詞轉換成的名詞之後
Nobody liked the decision to increase taxes. 沒有人喜歡加稅的决定。
He followed his father’s advice to stay calm. 他聽從父親的建議保持冷靜。
在 (would like, would love, would hate, would prefer 等) 後
I’d love to see the views from the top. 我很想從頂部看風景。
I’d prefer to arrive a bit earlier than usual. 我寧願比平時早一點到達。
某些特定表達式(to be honest, to tell you the truth, to begin with 等)
To be honest, I didn’t want to go to the conference. 老實說,我不想去參加會議。
We hated the trip. To begin with, the hotel was dirty and the food awful. 我們討厭這次旅行。 首先,飯店很髒,食物也很難吃。
帶量詞的表達式後(enough, too, too much, a lot 等)
You are too young to be here. 你太年輕了,不能來這裡。
He isn’t old enough to vote. 他還不到投票的年齡。
There’s a lot to do before we can go. 在我們走之前還有很多事情要做。
在 (something, anything, someone, anyone, somewhere 等)後
There’s nothing to do in this town. 這個鎮上沒有什麼可做的。
We need someone to help us. 我們需要有人幫助我們。
There isn’t anywhere to go. 沒有地方可去。
在疑問詞 (what, where, who 等)後
We don’t know where to go. 我們不知道去哪裡。
He’s always telling me what to do. 他總是告訴我該怎麼做。
在最高級及序數詞如 (first, second 等)後
He is the best player to ever play in the UK. 他是英國有史以來最好的球員。
I was the first to arrive. 我是第一個到達的。
某些動詞後
afford, agree, appear, arrange, be able to, choose, decide, deserve, expect, happen, help, hesitate, hope, learn, make, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, teach, tend, threaten, want。
什麼時候用動名詞
作為名詞(主詞)
Cheating is very widespread in colleges today. 如今,作弊在大學裏非常普遍。
Eating candy isn’t the best for your teeth. 吃糖果對牙齒不是最好的。
在介系詞後
I’m tired of waiting for you. 我厭倦了等你。
He’s very good at listening to people. 他很善於傾聽別人的意見。
搭配某些表達式
it’s no use, it’s no good, it’s (not) worth, there’s no point (in), there’s no use (in), can’t help, have difficulty (in), have trouble, have a hard/difficult time 等
It’s no good trying to cover a lie with another lie. 用另一個謊言掩蓋謊言是沒有用的。
There’s no point arguing. Let’s just stop. 爭論是沒有意義的。 讓我們停下來。
We had a hard time finding our way back. 我們很難找到回去的路。
在 hear, listen, notice, see, watch 後,去表達長時間/未完成的動作或正在進行的動作
I saw them kissing in the park. 我看見他們在公園裏接吻。(表示接吻這個動作正在持續)
在 spend/waste + time/money 後
I want to spend more time playing with my kids. 我想花更多的時間和孩子們一起玩。
Don’t waste your money shopping in that store. 不要浪費你的錢去那家商店購物。
搭配某些動詞
Admit, avoid, deny enjoy, fancy, feel like, finish, keep (on), imagine, involve, mind, miss, practice, recommend, regret, risk, spend, suggest.
什麼時候不定詞前不帶 to
情態動詞之後 (can, could, must, might, should, will, would)
He should be home by now. 他現在應該到家了。
I might need you tomorrow. 我明天可能需要你
在 make/let/help + 受詞 後
He made them wait outside for more than an hour. 他讓他們在外面等了一個多小時。
They didn’t let us take photographs. 他們不讓我們拍照。
在 had better/would rather/would sooner 後
You’d better not say anything. 你最好什麼都不說。
I’d rather go out another day. 我寧願改天出去。
在 hear, listen, notice, see 後 表達一個短暫或完整的動作
I saw them kiss. 我看見他們接吻了。(我看到了接吻的這個動作,從開始到結束)
I heard someone shout your name. 我聽到有人喊你的名字。(我都聽到了)
動詞後接動名詞或不定詞所代表的不同意義
forget 忘記
forget to do something 忘記去做某事: 用來談論我們需要做的事情,而我們卻忘了去做。
I think forgot to lock the door when we left. 我想我們離開時忘記去鎖門了。
Don’t forget to call me when you finish. 完成後別忘了給我打電話。
forget doing something 忘記做過某事: 通常用於否定句,表達”不會忘記做過”。用來談論回憶,通常是關於我們過去做過的事情,我們不會忘記的。
I’ll never forget walking on that amazing beach for the first time. 我永遠不會忘記第一次在那個令人驚歎的海灘上散步。
remember 記得
remember to do something 記得做點什麼: 你先記住,然後你去做某事。用來談論我們需要記得去做的事情。
He didn’t remember to turn off the heating after class. 下課後他不記得關暖氣。
Please, will you remember to close the windows if you leave? 拜託,如果你離開,記得關上窗戶嗎?
remember doing something 記得做過某事: 用來談論回憶。我們記得過去做過的事情。
I remember eating on this same chair the day I graduated. 我記得我畢業那天在同一張椅子上吃飯。
I remember mentioning the issue to Elisabeth last week. 我記得上周向伊莉莎白提到過這個問題。
try 嘗試
try to do something 嘗試做某事:當我們嘗試做某事時,我們會努力下功夫去實現某一件事情,最終有可能會做得成也有可能會做不成。
Could you please try to be a bit less rude? 你能試著少一點粗魯嗎?
I’ll try to convince him, but I’m not sure that’s going to change anything. 我會努力說服他,但我不確定這會改變什麼。
try doing something 嘗試做某事:當我們想要實現某事並嘗試做某些行來做作為實驗,看看做了這件事之後是否有助於我們實現我們想要的結果。也就是我們嘗試一種方法(它是我們可以嘗試的許多方法之一)以實現某些目標。
A: “I need to sleep but I can’t.” B: “Why don’t you try drinking a glass of hot milk?” A:“我需要睡覺,但我睡不著。”B:“你為什麼不試著喝一杯熱牛奶?”
I can’t contact Jane. I‘ve tried calling her home number and also on her mobile, but nothing. 我聯系不上簡。 我試過打她的家庭電話,也試過用她的手機,但都沒有用。
stop 停止
stop to do something 停下來去做某事:當我們停止進行一項活動以開始進行另一項活動時使用。
We had been driving for hours, so we had to stop to eat something and go to the toilet. 我們已經開車好幾個小時了,所以我們不得不停下來吃點東西和去廁所。
stop doing something 停止做某件事: 這意味著要結束我們正在做的事情。
Could you stop biting your nails? 你能不能別咬指甲了?
I need to stop smoking once and for all. 我需要徹底戒烟。
need 需要
need to do something 需要做點什麼: 有必要做點什麼
I need to see you immediately. 我需要馬上見到你。
something needs doing 某事/某物需要被做點什麼: Need+動詞-ing在句子裡面意義就像被動式的含意。這意味著某一些事物需要被處理。
Your car needs cleaning. (=Your car needs to be cleaned.) 你的車需要清洗。
動詞匹配模式 – 用不定詞還是動名詞
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