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什麼是間接敘述?

當我們告訴人們另一個人所說或所想時,我們經常使用 indirect speech 間接敘述。為此,如果時間和說話人不同,我們需要更改動詞時態(現在、過去…等)和代名詞(我、你、我的、你的…等)。

Anna: ‘I don’t have money.’ ⇒ Anna said that she didn’t have money. 安娜:“我沒有錢。” ⇒ 安娜說她沒有錢。
Joe: ‘I am hungry.’ ⇒ He said that he was hungry. 喬:“我餓了。” ⇒ 他說他餓了。

省略掉 that

我們通常會在轉述動詞 say, thinketc. 之後省略 that

He said he was lost. (= He said that he was lost.) 他說他迷路了。
I thought I would get the football ticket. 我以為我會得到足球賽的票。

使用 say 或 tell? 

我們在間接敘述一件事情時,最常使用的動詞是 saytell 。我們必須特別注意人&事的排序方法。我們說tell somebody something 告訴某人 某事,和 say something (to somebody) 說某事(給某人)

They told me (that) they would help me.  他們告訴我他們會幫助我。 (不能說 They said me they… )
He said (that) he didn’t have a car. 他說他沒有車。(不能說 He told that… )

間接敘述句型的動詞時態變化

 當一個人在過去(past) 說了一件事情,而現在(now)我們要告訴某人這一個人說了什麼,因為兩者說話的時間不同了,故,動詞時態需要隨之調整 。我們必須特別注意人&事的排序方法。請看以下動詞時態的變化表。

現在簡單式I am exhausted.過去簡單式He said (that) he was exhausted.
現在進行式I am studying.過去進行式She told me(that) she was studying.
過去簡單式I loved the concert.過去完成式He told me (that) he had loved the concert.
現在完成式I have never been to Rome.過去完成式She said (that) she had never been to Rome.
willI will help you.wouldHe said (that) he would help me.
mustYou must pay attention.have toShe told me (that) I had to pay attention.

間接敘述句型的代名詞變化

在複述或間接引述句型中,我們也必須注意代名詞的使用。當一個人告訴我們某事時,他或她用第一人稱 (I, me, my, we, us, our) 談論他或她自己,用第二人稱 (you, your) 談論我們,也就是聽他/她說的人。但是當我們告訴別人那個人說了什麼時,我們將使用第三人稱 (he, she, his, her, etc.)來表示說話者和第一人稱(I, me, my)來談論我們自己,當時的聽眾。

I will help you.’ ⇒ He said that he would help me.  “我會幫助你的。” ⇒ 他說他會幫助我。
‘That’s my pen.’ ⇒ She said that it was her pen. “那是我的筆。” ⇒ 她說那是她的筆。
I need your help.’ ⇒ She said that she needed my help. “我需要你的幫助。” ⇒ 她說她需要我的幫助。

英文中的間接敘述 – 練習題

1. I'm really tired' ⇒ She said that she _____ really tired.
a.
b.
c.
2. 'I don't want any trouble.' ⇒ He told me he _____ any trouble.
a.
b.
c.
3. 'I'll be at home all afternoon.' ⇒ She said she _____ at home all afternoon.
a.
b.
c.
4. 'I love my family.' ⇒ He told me that _____ loved _____ family.
a.
b.
c.
5. 'I haven't seen Tom.' ⇒ She told me she _____ Tom.
a.
b.
c.
6. 'You have my phone.' ⇒ The man said that _____ had _____ phone.
a.
b.
c.
7. 'I'm trying to concentrate.' ⇒ She said that she _____ to concentrate.
a.
b.
c.
8. 'I didn't steal any money.' ⇒ The thief said that he _____ any money.
a.
b.
c.
9. 'I can lend you the money' ⇒ She told me she _____ me the money.
a.
b.
c.
10. 'I won't call you again.' ⇒ She told me she _____ again.
a.
b.
c.

 

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