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many/much 的用法

many 用於複數可數名詞之前, much 用於不可數名詞之前

我們在複數(可數)名詞之前使用 many ,不可數名詞之前使用 much。它們常用於否定句和疑問句之中,不太用在肯定句中。

There isn’t much water in the cup. 杯子里没有多少水。
Were there many students in the theater? 劇院裡有很多學生嗎?

too much/too many, so much/so many

注意 我們在肯定句中並不常使用 much/many ,但是,我們可以用 too much 和 too many 或 so much 和 so many 在肯定句之中。

There’s too much cheese in the pasta. 意大利面裡的奶酪太多了。
You drink too many soft drinks. 你喝了太多軟飲料。
There were so many tourists that we decided to go home. 遊客太多,我們決定回家。
She ate so much raw fish that it made her vomit. 她吃了太多生魚,以致讓她嘔吐。

how much/how many

我們用 how much 和 how many 來詢問事/物的數量。

How many islands have you ever visited? 你去過多少個島嶼?
How much money have you spent today? 你今天花了多少錢?

a lot of/lots of/plenty of 的用法

使用於複數可數名詞及不可數名詞之前

我們在複數(可數)名詞之前使用和不可數名詞之前使用 a lot oflots of (比較口語化), 或 plenty of。這三個詞組常用於肯定句。

She took a lot of time taking a bath . 她花了很多時間洗澡。
They took lots of good pictures yesterday. 他們昨天拍了很多好照片。
She got plenty of money to spend today. 她今天有很多錢可以花。

我們一定要記得,a lot of 或 lots of 這兩組詞組最後含 of ,一定要放在名詞之前,不能放在句子的最後面。然而, a lot or lots (都沒有加 of) 這兩組詞組則是可以放在句子的最後面,來表示”很多”的意思。

‘How many cakes did you have?’ ‘I’m not sure; I think I had lots/a lot.’ “你吃了多少蛋糕?” 我想我吃了很多。I think he loves cars a lot. 我認為他非常喜歡汽車。
I don’t want to answer any more questions. I’ve had plenty. 我不想再回答任何問題了。 我回答很多了。

(a) few/(a) little/a bit of 的用法

few 只能用在複數可數名詞之前, little 只能用於不可數名詞之前

我們在複數(可數)名詞之前使用 (a) few  不可數名詞之前使用  (a) little 或 a bit of(比較不正式/比較口語化)。它們均可用於肯定句否定句和疑問句之中

I got a few friends in the city when I moved. 我搬家時在城裡交了幾個朋友。
He always gets good results with very little effort. 他总是用很少的努力就能取得好成绩。
Would you mind putting a bit of salt in the food? 你介意在食物裡放一點鹽嗎?

何時用few 或 a few? little 或 a little?

A few/ a little都是用來說明”還有一些,數量不多,但還夠用”。

few/ a few只能用在複數可數名詞之前, little/ a little只能用於不可數名詞之前。

Few 是用來說明”還有一點兒,但幾乎都沒了,不夠用”。

一般來說,A few/ a little (前面有a) 和few/little (前面沒有a)最大的差異是在於前者是用正面表述(少,但東西還夠用),後者是負面表述(少,而且東西不夠用)。比較:

There’s little milk in the fridge; we have to buy more. (=Not enough; we need more) 冰箱裡的牛奶很少; 我們必須購買更多。 (表示還不夠;我們需要更多)
‘Shall I buy some beers?’ ‘No, it’s OK, there are a few in the fridge.’ (=Enough; we don’t need more) “我要不要買些啤酒?” “不用,沒關係,冰箱裡有一些。”(表示夠了;我們不需要更多)
‘Do you speak English?’ ‘No, I speak very little English.’ (=Negative) “你會說英語嗎?” “不,我說的英語很少。”(表示否定)
‘Do you speak English?’ ‘Yes, I speak a little English.’ (=Positive)“你會說英語嗎?” “是的,我會說一點英語。”(表示肯定)

some/any/no 的用法

我們在肯定句中用some在否定句及疑問句中用any

There isn’t any food left in the refrigerator. 冰箱裡沒有食物了。
Have you received any news from your family? 你有沒有收到家人的消息?
I have some tickets for you. 我有幾張票給你。

我們在肯定句中用 no

There are no biscuits left.  沒有餅乾了。
I have no questions to ask. 我沒有問題要問。

皆可使用在複數可數名詞之前及不可數名詞之前

Someany 和 no皆可使用在複數可數名詞之前及不可數名詞之前。但如果用在可數名詞之前,此可數名詞必須是複數的。

Are there any students in the classroom?  教室裡有學生嗎?(不能說 Is there any student in the classroom?)
There are no students in the classroom. 教室裡沒有學生。

在疑問句中,我們用 some (不是any)來形容提供”一些”幫助及要求他人給予”一些/一點”事/物。

Would you like some help?  需要一些幫助嗎?
Can I have some tea, please? 請問我可以喝一點茶嗎?

None 的用法

None 是代名詞。它就是代表了”零”,什麼都沒有。我們在肯定句中用它來當代名詞,取代可數名詞及不可數名詞。這也就是說None的後面不會再接名詞了。

Any car is better than having none. 有車總比沒有車好。
How much money did you receive? ‘None.’ 你收到多少錢? ‘沒有任何。’

none of 沒有任何一個

我們也可以用 none of + 名詞 (可數或不可數)

None of the questions were answered. 沒有任何一個問題得到回答。

much, many, a lot, little, few, some, any, no – 練習題

1. Teenagers spend time partying.

2. The man I met last week spoke Chinese and I couldn't really understand him.

3. My new Chinese friend speaks English, so we can communicate with each other.

4. There were students in the gym.

5. I spent energy trying to finish working on the new project.

6. There are seats left; we don't need to hurry to get them.

7. Can you put of water in the soup? It's salty.

8. I've met with my friends and a had fun .

9. I don't know other employees in this building.

10. Don't you like in your new school?


 

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