我們會用第二條件句來表示現在或未來的假設或不真實的情況。
If I won the lottery, I would buy a yacht. 如果我中了彩票,我會買一艘遊艇。
If I had a better salary, I could travel more. 如果我有更好的薪水,我可以旅行更多。
If I were you, I might wait before making a decision. 如果我是你,我可能在做決定前等待下。
If it weren’t for his help, I might be dead now. 如果不是他的幫助,我現在可能已經死了。
第二條件句的用法
If 子句和主要子句
我們用 if + 過去式,來表示一種假想中的現在或未來的狀況(雖然動詞是過去式,但時間是表示現在或未來)。而我們用 would + 不定詞來表示這個假想情況的結果。
If I had a swimming pool in my yard, I’d go every day. 如果我的院子裡有一個游泳池,我會每天都去。
Would you call him if you got his phone number? 如果你知道他的電話號碼,你會打電話給他嗎?
加逗號
當 if 子句在前面的時候,我們通常會在if子句後面加個逗號;當主要子句在前面、if子句在後面的時候,我們通常不加逗號。
如果你來參加聚會,你會跳很多舞。
If you came to the party, you’d dance a lot.
You’d dance a lot if you came to the party.
句中 would 的用法
would/wouldn’t 在所有的人稱中都是一樣的用法。
I/you/he/she/it/we/they would/wouldn’t do that if it was possible.
縮寫的方式: wouldn’t= would not,‘d= would
I’d never pass my test if you failed to bring my books. 如果你不帶我的書,我永遠不會通過我的考試。
I wouldn’t pass my test if you failed to bring my books. 如果你不帶我的書,我就不會通過考試。
句中 could 的用法
在主要子句中,我們通常可以用 could + 不定詞,來代替 would +不定詞。
If you wrote the book, you could give me a sign. 如果你寫這本書,你可以給我一個簽名。
要用 was 或 were?
在第二條件句中,我們可以用 if I/he/she/it were(較為正式)來代替 if I/he/she/it was。
If he were/was a good singer, he would win the contest. 如果他是/是一個好歌手,他會贏得比賽。
但是當我們用 if I were you這樣的句型來表示給予某人建議時,我們用 were(請注意,不是 was)。
If I were you, I would break up with him.
I wouldn’t go to that restaurant if I were you.
第一條件句 VS 第二條件句
我們用第一條件句來表示可能的未來狀況,而用第二條件句來表示假設性或假想中的未來狀況。
如果下午晚些時候我沒有預約醫生,我一定和你一起去購物。
If I don’t have a doctor’s appointment later in the afternoon, I’ll have to go shopping with you. (這是有可能的,也許我明天沒有和醫生掛到號,所以可以和你一起去逛街。)
If I didn’t have a doctor’s appointment later in the afternoon, I’d have shopped with you. (這是假設性的,因為我明天已經向醫生掛號了,所以不可能和你一起去逛街。)
第二條件句 – 練習題
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