there is, there are 的用法和形式

there is, there are – 用法

我們用 there is, there are 來表達某件存在的事。

There is a lot of noise. 有很多譟音。

表達某個東西的位置

我們通常用 there is, there are 來表達某個東西的位置。

There is a new building around the next street. 下一條街附近有一座新大樓。
There are five oranges in that basket. 那個籃子裡有五個橙子。

表達某件事發生的時間

there is, there are 也可以用來表達某件事發生的時間。

There is a firework at 8 p.m. 晚上8點有煙火。
There are a lot of storms in summer. 夏天有很多暴風雨。

搭配 a, some, any 

我們通常會用 there is, there are + a, some, any。

	單數可數名詞	複數可數名詞	不可數名詞
a/an	There is a person in the room.
some		There are some cars outside.	There is some milk in the jug.
any		There aren’t any cars outside.	There isn’t any milk in the jug.

there is + 單數 / there are + 複數

我們用 there is + 單數名詞，而 there are + 複數名詞。

There is a new band I like. 我喜歡一個新樂團。
There are some problems that we need to solve. 我們需要解决一些問題

如果 there is 後面的第一個名詞為單數，則會用 there is + 事物清單。

There is a table, sink, and four chairs in the kitchen. 廚房裏有一張桌子、水槽和四把椅子。

there is, there are – 形式

	現在式	過去式
肯定句	There is  / there’s / there are	there was / there were
否定句	There is not / there isn’t / there are not / there aren’t	There was not / there wasn’t / there were not / there weren’t
疑問句	Is there? / are there?	Was there ? / were there?
簡短回答	Yes, there is. No there is not/isn’t. Yes, there are. No, there are not/aren’t.	Yes, there was. No, there was not/isn’t. Yes, there were. No, there were not/weren’t.

Present and past 現在和過去

there is 和 there are 的過去式形式為 there was 和 there were。

房間裏有一臺電腦。
There is a computer in the room.  ⇒ There was a computer in the room.

房間裏有一些電腦。
There are some computers in the room.  ⇒   some computers in the room.  ⇒ There were some computers in the room.

縮寫形式

there is 的縮寫為 there’s，但是 there are 並沒有縮寫，而且在簡短答案中不能使用 there’s。

There’s a new student in this class. 這個班有一個新學生。
There are two new teachers in the school. 學校裏有兩位新教師。

there was/there were 沒有縮寫。

在否定句中，我們通常使用縮寫形式 there isn’t/ there aren’t 和 there wasn’t/weren’t。

There isn’t any butter left in the fridge. 冰箱裡沒有奶油了。
There aren’t any books in this box. 這個箱子裡沒有書了。

there is, there are – 練習題