什么是否定副词倒装句 (倒装强调句)?
在正式英语中,我们可以放置一个否定或限制性副词在句子的一开头,来加重语气或使句子更戏剧化。当我们这样做时,副词后面跟着一个倒装:助动词 + 主语(+动词).请参见下面的示例:
I could find my keys nowhere. ⇒ Nowhere could I find my keys.
我哪儿也找不到钥匙。
没有助动词时,我们用 do/does (现在)或 did(过去)。
I understand the true meaning only now. ⇒ Only now do I understand the true meaning. 我现在才明白真正的意思。
I didn’t say anything until she arrived. ⇒ Not until she arrived did I say anything. 我什么也没说,直到她来了。
与倒装强调句一起使用的常见副词
在下表中,您可以看到一些最常见的否定或限制性副词,这些副词有时候会放在句子一开头来创造强调的感觉。
time | |
Hardly + when | Hardly had we arrived home when we hear the news. 我们刚到家就听到了这个消息。 |
Barely + when | Barely had I opened the book when Mark put on music. 我刚打开书,马克就放上了音乐。 |
Scarcely + when | Scarcely had we finished talking when he made the call. 我们刚说完,他就打来了电话。 |
No sooner + than | No sooner had the shop opened its doors than it went bankrupt. 商店刚开门就破产了。 |
only | |
Only if + 从句 | Only if we invest more money can we save the company. 只有我们投入更多的钱,我们才能拯救公司。 |
Only when + 从句 | Only when I sleep can I forget about the incident. 只有当我睡觉的时候,我才能忘记这件事。 |
Only now | Only now can I understand what really happened. 只有现在我才能明白到底发生了什么。 |
Only + 任何元素 | Only chicken did they serve for dinner. 他们晚餐只供应鸡肉。 Only Mark could we trust. 我们只能信任马克。 |
not | |
Not only + but also | Not only will you get a good result, but you will also be the best. 你不仅会取得好成绩,而且你也会成为最好的。 |
Not once | Not once did she look at me at the party. 在聚会上她一次也没看我一眼。 |
Not since + 从句 | Not since I was a child have I had such a great time. 从我还是个孩子的时候起,我就从未有过如此美好的时光。 |
Not + 任何元素 | Not in a million years will I go back to that hotel. 一百万年后我都不会回到那家饭店。 Not until I see her again will I be happy. 直到我再次见到她,我才会高兴。 |
no | |
Under no circumstances | Under no circumstances should we allow this to happen. 在任何情况下,我们都不应该允许这种情况发生。 |
In no way | In no way am I related to this man. 我与这个人毫无关系。 |
Nowhere | Nowhere were the people more excited than in that stadium. 没有什么地方的人们比在体育场里更兴奋了。 |
No way | No way are we going to pay for that. 我们不可能为此付出代价。 |
never, rarely, seldom, little | |
Never | Never (before) have I met such a stupid person. 我从未遇到过这样愚蠢的人。 Never (before) had she felt so happy. 她从未感到如此幸福。 |
Rarely | Rarely did they speak to each other. 他们很少交谈。 |
Seldom | Seldom have we seen him in his office since he took the job. 自从他上任以来,我们很少在他的办公室见到他。 |
Little | Little did we know about him when we hired him. 当我们雇用他时,我们对他知之甚少。 |
Hardly, barely, scarcely, no sooner
我们通常使用 hardly … when, barely … when, scarcely…when, 和no sooner…than, +过去完成式来做倒装强调句。
我们用 no sooner … than (注意不是 that 或 when)。
副词 + 从句 + 倒装
注意在一些副词之后,例如 only if 和 only when + 从句(主语+动词),倒装不在从句中,而是作用在主句的主要动词。请看下面的句子:
Only when I sleep can I forget about the accident. (不是 Only when do I sleep I can…)
其他副词也会发生同样的情况,例如 not since 和 not until + 从句(主语+动词),倒装从不在从句中,而是作用在主句的主要动词。请看下面的句子:
Not since I was a child have I had such a great time. (不是Not since was I a child I’ve had…)
如果你有犹豫,看看没有倒装的 (开头没有否定副词)句子,会更明白些。
I can forget about the accident only when I sleep.
I haven’t had such a great time since I was a child.
Not
在倒装强调句中,我们必须使用 not +另一个元素。
Not often can we see such great expressions of art. (不能说Not can we see such great expressions of art often.)
频率副词
我们也可以在否定或限制性频率副词后使用倒装强调句,例如 seldom 很少, rarely 极少, 或 never 绝不。
我们经常使用 never 陈述经验。在那种情况下,我们通常使用现在完成式或过去完成式。
倒装强调句 – 练习题
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