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什么是否定副词倒装句 (倒装强调句)?

在正式英语中,我们可以放置一个否定或限制性副词在句子的一开头,来加重语气或使句子更戏剧化。当我们这样做时,副词后面跟着一个倒装:助动词 + 主语(+动词).请参见下面的示例:

I could find my keys nowhere. ⇒ Nowhere could I find my keys. 
我哪儿也找不到钥匙。

没有助动词时,我们用 do/does (现在)或  did(过去)。

I understand the true meaning only now. ⇒ Only now do I understand the true meaning.  我现在才明白真正的意思。

I didn’t say anything until she arrived. ⇒ Not until she arrived did I say anything.  我什么也没说,直到她来了。

与倒装强调句一起使用的常见副词

在下表中,您可以看到一些最常见的否定或限制性副词,这些副词有时候会放在句子一开头来创造强调的感觉。

time 
Hardly + whenHardly had we arrived home when we hear the news.
我们刚到家就听到了这个消息。
Barely + whenBarely had I opened the book when Mark put on music.
我刚打开书,马克就放上了音乐。
Scarcely + whenScarcely had we finished talking when he made the call.
我们刚说完,他就打来了电话。
No sooner + thanNo sooner had the shop opened its doors than it went bankrupt.
商店刚开门就破产了。
only 
Only if + 从句Only if we invest more money can we save the company.
只有我们投入更多的钱,我们才能拯救公司。
Only when + 从句Only when I sleep can I forget about the incident.
只有当我睡觉的时候,我才能忘记这件事。
Only nowOnly now can I understand what really happened.
只有现在我才能明白到底发生了什么。
Only + 任何元素Only chicken did they serve for dinner.
他们晚餐只供应鸡肉。
Only Mark could we trust.
我们只能信任马克。
not 
Not only + but alsoNot only will you get a good result, but you will also be the best.
你不仅会取得好成绩,而且你也会成为最好的。
Not onceNot once did she look at me at the party.
在聚会上她一次也没看我一眼。
Not since + 从句Not since I was a child have I had such a great time.
从我还是个孩子的时候起,我就从未有过如此美好的时光。
Not + 任何元素Not in a million years will I go back to that hotel.
一百万年后我都不会回到那家饭店。
Not until I see her again will I be happy.
直到我再次见到她,我才会高兴。
no 
Under no circumstancesUnder no circumstances should we allow this to happen.
在任何情况下,我们都不应该允许这种情况发生。
In no wayIn no way am I related to this man.
我与这个人毫无关系。
NowhereNowhere were the people more excited than in that stadium.
没有什么地方的人们比在体育场里更兴奋了。
No wayNo way are we going to pay for that.
我们不可能为此付出代价。
never, rarely, seldom, little 
NeverNever (before) have I met such a stupid person.
我从未遇到过这样愚蠢的人。
Never (before) had she felt so happy.
她从未感到如此幸福。
RarelyRarely did they speak to each other.
他们很少交谈。
SeldomSeldom have we seen him in his office since he took the job.
自从他上任以来,我们很少在他的办公室见到他。
LittleLittle did we know about him when we hired him.
当我们雇用他时,我们对他知之甚少。

Hardly, barely, scarcely, no sooner

我们通常使用 hardly … when, barely … when, scarcely…when, 和no sooner…than, +过去完成式来做倒装强调句。

我们用 no sooner … than (注意不是 that 或 when)。

副词 + 从句 + 倒装

注意在一些副词之后,例如 only if only when + 从句(主语+动词),倒装不在从句中,而是作用在主句的主要动词。请看下面的句子:

Only when I sleep can I forget about the accident. (不是 Only when do I sleep I can…)

其他副词也会发生同样的情况,例如 not since not until + 从句(主语+动词),倒装从不在从句中,而是作用在主句的主要动词。请看下面的句子:

Not since I was a child have I had such a great time. (不是Not since was I a child I’ve had…)

如果你有犹豫,看看没有倒装的 (开头没有否定副词)句子,会更明白些。

I can forget about the accident only when I sleep. 
I haven’t had such a great time since I was a child.

Not

在倒装强调句中,我们必须使用 not +另一个元素

Not often can we see such great expressions of art. (不能说Not can we see such great expressions of art often.)

频率副词

我们也可以在否定或限制性频率副词后使用倒装强调句,例如 seldom 很少, rarely 极少,  或 never 绝不

我们经常使用 never 陈述经验。在那种情况下,我们通常使用现在完成式或过去完成式。

倒装强调句 – 练习题

1. He can speak French but   it in public, and almost never when on diplomatic duty.

2.   those words   all the newspapers published them.

3.   the stress she was under.

4.   the world gets rid of all nuclear weapons   truly safe.

5. such dedicated and honest leaders.

6. what was in store for him after he landed here.

7.   the votes been counted   they started breaking promises.

8.   we are able to reinvent ourselves   to succeed in business and life.

9.   ever said anything to damage his reputation.

10.   the South Americans lose their ice-cold concentration, and fail to control the ball.


 

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