英文中的分裂句(cleft sentences)

分裂句是复杂句之中，用于强调句子中的一个特定部分。它们在我们不能使用声音语调来强调某些事的写作中特别有用，但它们也经常用于演讲中。

分裂句的类型

分裂句 – 强调原因、事情、人、地点、日期……

我们可以通过将这些机构与关系从句一起使用，来强调句子中的某个元素。我们使用关系代名词的方式与我们在任何关系从句中使用它们的方式相同。

Shella hid the book under the mattress. 雪丽把书藏在床垫下。
The person who/that hid the book under the mattress was Sheila.

Sheila hid the book under the mattress.
The thing (that/which) Sheila hid under the mattress was the book.

Sheila hid the book under the mattress.
The place where Sheila hid the book was under the mattress.

I have to call on Monday to schedule an appointment. 我必须在星期一打电话预约。
The day (when/that) I have to call to schedule an appointment is Monday.

I have to call on Monday to schedule an appointment.
The reason why I have to call on Monday is to schedule an appointment.

分裂句 – It + be + 短语 + 关系从句（It is/was…that…）

除了 person who，thing that 等，我们还可以使用介绍性的 it， be 动词可以使用任何动词时态，以及我们想要强调的句子中的某一个元素。

Shella hid the book under the mattress.
It was Sheila who/that hid the book under the mattress.

Sheila hid the book under the mattress.
It was the book that/which Sheila hid under the mattress.

Sheila hid the book under the mattress.
It was under the mattress that Sheila hid the book.

I have to call on Monday to schedule an appointment.
It’s on Monday that I have to call to schedule an appointment.

I have to call on Monday to schedule an appointment.
It’s to schedule an appointment that I have to call on Monday.

我们可以在名词短语后使用 who/which 或 that ，例如 Sheila, the book 等。但是我们应该在副词短语之后使用that，例如在床垫下 under the mattress, 星期一 on Monday，等等。

注意我们也可以在名词短语之后使用 when ，但不能在副词短语之后使用 when。比较：

It’s Monday when I have to call.
It’s on Monday that I have to call.

分裂句 – The thing/s that = What/All

我们也可以使用 what 或 all （更强调）而不是 thing/s that 来强调句子中的一个元素。

Sheila hid the book under the mattress.
The thing (that/which) Sheila hid under the mattress was the book.
What Sheila hid under the mattress was the book.
All Sheila hid under the mattress was the book.

I want some of that cake.
The thing (that/which) I want is some of that cake.
What I want is some of that cake.
All I want is some of that cake.

这里我们可以参考 Mariah Carey 的经典圣诞歌，其中：All I Want for Christmas is you…

分裂句 – What + 主词 + do/does/did/ + is/was + (to) infinitive 不定式

当我们想在句子中强调动词或动词短语时(意即强调”动作”时)，我们使用这种分裂句结构。在这结构中，我们使用带或不带to的不定式。

Sheila hid the book under the mattress.
What Sheila did was (to) hide the book under the mattress.

You should save some money.
What you should do is save some money.

He screamed.
What he did was (to) scream.
All he did was (to) scream. (更强调)

分裂句 – What happens is (that) … / What happened was (that)

当我们想要强调一整个句子，而不仅仅是句子中的一个元素时，我们会使用这种结构。

Sheila hid the book under the mattress.
What happened was that Sheila hid the book under the mattress.

He is afraid of losing his investment.
What happens is that he is afraid of losing his investment.