promise、say、ask 这类“引述动词（reporting verbs）”后面到底要接 to 不定式、宾语 + to 不定式、介词 + V-ing，还是 that 子句，常常让人搞混。本篇把最常见的引述动词依结构分组整理，让你一眼看懂各种句型用法差异。
阅读前也可以先逛 英文语法总览，再搭配本文的例句与文末练习，快速建立“动词 + 后接形式”的判断力。
什么是引述动词
引述动词(Reporting verbs)用于引述某人所说的话，如 promise、say、ask等。我们通常根据这些动词的结构将其分为不同的组。在下面的语法表中，您可以看到最常见的引述动词及其用法。
| + to + 不定式 | + 人称 + to + 不定式 | +(介词) + -ing | + that + 从句 |
| agree claim offer promise refuse swear threaten | advise ask beg convince encourage forbid invite order persuade recommend remind tell warn | accuse somebody of admit apologize (to sb) for complain about confess to deny insist on recommend regret suggest | admit agree answer claim complain confess deny explain insist promise regret say suggest |
在下面的语法表中，你可以看到相同的动词和例句。
+ to + 不定式
| agree 同意 | They agreed to lend him the money. | 他们同意借钱给他。 |
| claim 宣称 | They claim to be the best in the market. | 他们声称自己是市场上最好的。 |
| offer 提出 | She offered to help. | 她提出要帮忙。 |
| promise 许诺 | You promised to come with us. | 你答应过和我们一起去的。 |
| refuse 拒绝 | He refused to answer any questions. | 他拒绝回答任何问题。 |
| swear 发誓 | She swore to serve her country. | 她发誓要为国家服务。 |
| threaten 威胁 | They threatened to kill me. | 他们威胁要杀了我 |
+ 人称 + to + 不定式
| advise 建议 | He advised me to change my diet. | 他建议我改变饮食。 |
| ask 要求 | They asked him to resign. | 他们要求他辞职。 |
| beg 乞求 | He begged me to forgive him. | 他乞求我原谅他。 |
| convince 说服 | He convinced me to take the job. | 他说服我接受这份工作。 |
| encourage 鼓励 | We encouraged her to continue. | 我们鼓励她继续。 |
| forbid 禁止 | They forbade me to go out. | 他们禁止我出去。 |
| invite 邀请 | She invited us to be at the meeting. | 她邀请我们参加会议。 |
| order 命令 | The judge ordered him to sit down. | 法官命令他坐下。 |
| persuade 说服 | She persuaded me to sign up. | 她说服我报名。 |
| recommend 推荐 | I recommend you to go. | 我推荐你去。 |
| remind 提醒 | Can you remind me to lock the door? | 你能提醒我锁门吗？ |
| tell 告知 | Nobody told me to be quiet. | 没人叫我安静。 |
| warn 警告 | He warned us not to drink the water. | 他警告我们不要喝水。 |
+ (介词) + -ing
| accuse sb of 指责某人 | They accused me of cheating. | 他们指责我作弊。 |
| admit 承认 | She admitted making a mistake. | 她承认犯了错误。 |
| apologize (to sb) for 向某人道歉 | He apologized (to her) for not calling. | 他为没有打电话向她道歉。 |
| blame 责备 | I don’t blame you for getting angry. | 我不怪你生气。 |
| complain about 抱怨 | He complained about being insulted. | 他抱怨受到侮辱。 |
| confess to 承认 | I confessed to murdering him. | 我承认谋杀了他。 |
| deny 否认 | They denied doing anything wrong. | 他们否认做错了什么。 |
| insist on 坚持 | She insisted on calling a taxi. | 她坚持叫计程车。 |
| recommend 推荐 | She recommended taking a taxi. | 她建议坐计程车。 |
| regret 后悔 | I regret not paying more attention. | 我后悔没有多加注意。 |
| suggest 建议 | I suggest doing some research first. | 我建议先做些研究。 |
+ that + 从句
| admit 承认 | He admitted (that) it was his fault. | 他承认那是他的错。 |
| agree 同意 | I agree (that) It’s going to be difficult. | 我同意这会很困难。 |
| answer 回复 | She answered (that)she was OK. | 她回覆说她没事。 |
| claim 宣称 | They claim (that)they are innocent. | 他们声称自己是无辜的。 |
| complain 抱怨 | He complains (that)he has too much work. | 他抱怨工作太多。 |
| confess 承认 | He confessed (that)he was scared. | 他承认他很害怕。 |
| explain 解释 | She explained (that)new facts had emerged. | 她解释说出现了新的事实。 |
| insist 坚持认为 | I insisted (that)we needed a break. | 我坚持认为我们需要休息一下。 |
| promise 许诺 | You promised (that)you’d be there. | 你答应过你会去的。 |
| regret 后悔 | I regret (that)I didn’t help him. | 我后悔没有帮助他。 |
| say 说 | John said(that) he wouldn’t do it again. | 约翰说他不会再做了。 |
| suggest 建议 | She suggested (that)I should stay until May | 她建议我呆到五月 |
英文中的引述动词 – 练习题
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