什么是间接叙述？
当我们告诉人们另一个人所说或所想时，我们经常使用 indirect speech 间接叙述。为此，如果时间和说话人不同，我们需要更改动词时态（现在、过去…等）和代名词（我、你、我的、你的…等）。
Anna: ‘I don’t have money.’ ⇒ Anna said that she didn’t have money. 安娜：“我没有钱。” ⇒ 安娜说她没有钱。
Joe: ‘I am hungry.’ ⇒ He said that he was hungry. 乔：“我饿了。” ⇒ 他说他饿了。
省略掉 that
我们通常会在转述动词 say, think, etc. 之后省略 that。
He said he was lost. (= He said that he was lost.) 他说他迷路了。
I thought I would get the football ticket. 我以为我会得到足球赛的票。
使用 say 或 tell?
我们在间接叙述一件事情时，最常使用的动词是 say 和 tell 。我们必须特别注意人&事的排序方法。我们说tell somebody something 告诉某人 某事，和 say something (to somebody) 说某事(给某人)。
They told me (that) they would help me. 他们告诉我他们会帮助我。 (不能说 They said me they… )
He said (that) he didn’t have a car. 他说他没有车。 (不能说 He told that… )
间接叙述句型的动词时态变化
当一个人在过去(past) 说了一件事情，而现在(now)我们要告诉某人这一个人说了什么，因为两者说话的时间不同了，故，动词时态需要随之调整 。我们必须特别注意人&事的排序方法。请看以下动词时态的变化表。
| 现在一般时 | I am exhausted. | 过去一般时 | He said (that) he was exhausted. |
| 现在进行时 | I am studying. | 过去进行时 | She told me(that) she was studying. |
| 过去一般时 | I loved the concert. | 过去完成时 | He told me (that) he had loved the concert. |
| 现在完成时 | I have never been to Rome. | 过去完成时 | She said (that) she had never been to Rome. |
| will | I will help you. | would | He said (that) he would help me. |
| must | You must pay attention. | have to | She told me (that) I had to pay attention. |
间接叙述句型的代名词变化
在复述或间接引述句型中，我们也必须注意代名词的使用。当一个人告诉我们某事时，他或她用第一人称 (I, me, my, we, us, our) 谈论他或她自己，用第二人称 (you, your) 谈论我们，也就是听他/她说的人。但是当我们告诉别人那个人说了什么时，我们将使用第三人称 (he, she, his, her, etc.)来表示说话者和第一人称(I, me, my)来谈论我们自己，当时的听众。
‘I will help you.’ ⇒ He said that he would help me. “我会帮助你的。” ⇒ 他说他会帮助我。
‘That’s my pen.’ ⇒ She said that it was her pen. “那是我的笔。” ⇒ 她说那是她的笔。
‘I need your help.’ ⇒ She said that she needed my help. “我需要你的帮助。” ⇒ 她说她需要我的帮助。
英文中的间接叙述 – 练习题
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