一般过去时 – 规则与不规则动词变化（完整解析＋练习）

一般过去时除了句型结构外，最常卡住的就是动词变化：规则动词通常加 -ed，不规则动词则需要另外记忆（例如 see → seen / saw）。本篇会带你整理规则动词拼字规则、不规则动词常见清单，以及实际使用情境。

本篇属于英文时态中的“过去式”单元。若你尚未熟悉一般过去时的一般动词句型，建议先阅读：一般过去时 – 一般动词和一般过去时 – was / were。

一般过去时规则动词的变化

要使句子成为一般过去时通常要在规则动词后面加上ed。

They often watch a film on Sunday. ⇒ They watched a film last Sunday. 上星期日他们看了电影。
She lives in London. ⇒ She lived in London in the 80s. 她在80年代住在伦敦。

规则动词的拼写

不定式	过去式	拼字
watch play	watched played	通常加ed
like arrive	liked arrived	-e后面加-d
Study try	studied tried	在子音加y之后去 -y加 -ied
shop rob	stopped robbed	子音加母音加子音，变成双子音加 -ed

什么时候要双辅音?

当动词结束于辅音 + 元音 + 辅音时，则要变成双辅音。这个规则在当动词只有一个音节时绝对成立。

stop ⇒ stopped
plan ⇒ planned
shop ⇒ shopped
rob ⇒ robbed.

若动词为两个音节，只有在当重音出现在最后一个音节时才需要变成双辅音。

reFER ⇒ referred
preFER ⇒ preferred
reGRET ⇒ regretted

但当重音不是在最后一个音节时便不需要变成双辅音。

VIsit ⇒ visited
ANswer ⇒ answered.

一般过去时不规则动词变化

有些动词为不规则动词所以要变成一般过去时不是加 -ed。

英文中常见的不规则动词:

be	was/were	They were at school yesterday.	他们昨天在学校。
begin	began	At the end of the scene, we began to cry.	在场景结束时，我们开始哭泣。
break	broke	I broke my arm in an accident.	我在一次事故中摔断了手臂。
bring	brought	Who brought you here?	谁把你带到这里来的？
buy	bought	We bought a new car last week.	我们上周买了一辆新车。
do	did	I did some shopping.	我做了一些购物。
drink	drank	He drank a lot of water after the match.	赛后他喝了很多水。
drive	drove	We drove to the airport.	我们驱车前往机场。
eat	ate	We ate paella by the beach.	我们在海边吃了海鲜饭。
find	found	I finally found the keys.	我终于找到了钥匙。
fly	flew	We flew to Hongkong last Spring.	我们去年春天飞往香港。
forget	forgot	I forgot the keys in the house.	我把钥匙忘在家里了。
get	got	She got a lot of gifts for her birthday.	她的生日收到了很多礼物。
give	gave	I was cold and he gave me a jacket.	我很冷，他给了我一件夹克。
go	went	I went to work by bus yesterday.	我昨天乘公共汽车去上班。
have	had	I had a lot of toys as a child.	我小时候有很多玩具。
know	knew	We knew that he was special immediately.	我们立刻就知道他很特别。
lose	lost	He lost his wallet at the bus station.	他在公交车站丢了钱包。
make	made	They made a cake for the party.	他们为聚会做了一个蛋糕。
meet	met	I met my wife at a wedding.	我在婚礼上认识了我的妻子。
pay	paid	She paid for the drinks.	她付了酒钱。
put	put	I put the ice cream in the freezer.	我把冰淇淋放在冰箱里。
read	read	I read an interesting article yesterday.	我昨天读了一篇有趣的文章。
run	ran	When the fire started, we ran.	火开始时，我们跑了。
say	said	She said something in his ear.	她在他耳边说了些什么。
see	saw	We saw a very strange man in the street.	我们在街上看到一个很奇怪的人。
sell	sold	He sold me his old car.	他把他的旧车卖给了我。
send	sent	People sent lots of letters in the past.	过去人们寄过很多信。
sing	sang	Everybody sang “Happy Birthday” to her.	每个人都为她唱“生日快乐”。
sit	sat	We sat on the sand and looked at the sea.	我们坐在沙滩上，看着大海。
sleep	slept	I only slept three hours last night.	我昨晚只睡了三个小时。
speak	spoke	We spoke to our kid’s teacher last week.	上周我们和孩子的老师谈过了。
spend	spent	We spent a lot of money during our last trip.	我们在上次旅行中花了很多钱。
swim	swam	He swam in the sea in June.	六月，他在海里游泳。
take	took	Somebody took my things.	有人拿走了我的东西。
teach	taught	She taught me how to play the drums.	她教我如何打鼓。
tell	told	I told him to go home.	我告诉他回家。
think	thought	We thought you were dead.	我们以为你死了。
understand	understood	I understood her decision.	我理解她的决定。
wear	wore	She wore a beautiful red dress at the patry.	她在帕特里穿着一件漂亮的红色连衣裙。
win	won	They won the match.	他们赢得了比赛。
write	wrote	I wrote a letter to the manager.	我给经理写了一封信。

一般过去时的使用

表示过去完成的动作或状态

一般过去时可以用来说明过去完成的动作或状态，我们通常会加上过去时间来表达: yesterday, yesterday afternoon, last night, last week, three days ago, four years ago, 等。

She answered the question yesterday. 她昨天回答了问题。
They were a good team. 他们是一个好团队。

过去重复的动作

一般过去时可以形容在过去习惯或重复的动作，但现在已经没有继续。通常会加上副词或频率来表达(often, always, every day等)。

When I was a child, I went to the cram school every day. 在小时候，我每天都会去补习班。
In school, I often went jogging in the morning. 在学校时，我通常会在早上去慢跑。

延伸学习（句型变化）：一般过去时否定与疑问句（did / didn’t）

一般过去时 – 规则和不规则动词的变化