一般过去时
我们会用一般过去时来表示之前已完成的动作。
I did homework yesterday. 我昨天做了作业。 (这件事已经结束了)
在一个故事中,我们会用一般过去时把事情依时间顺序说出来,也就是这个故事的主要事件。
She called me and told me to go, but when I arrived she wasn’t there. 她打电话给我,让我走,但当我到达时,她不在。
When she opened the door, she pretended that we weren’t there and she went to her room. 当她打开门时,她假装我们不在那里,然后她去了她的房间。
我们也会用一般过去时来表示过去的习惯或状态。
I often went to the park for a walk after breakfast. 早餐后我经常去公园散步。
She really liked sports, and was very fit. 她真的很喜欢运动,而且非常健康。
过去进行时
我们会用过去进行时设定故事的背景。
Earlier in the morning, I was cleaning my room and listening to the news on the radio when …. 早上早些时候,我正在打扫房间,收听收音机里的新闻,这时……
The sun was shining and lots of kids were running in the park. Suddenly….. 阳光明媚,许多孩子在公园里奔跑。突然…..
我们用过去进行时来说明当时正在进行的动作、或长时间的动作但被某个一般过去时的动作打断了。
Last Saturday, I went into my brother’s room and saw that he was reading books. 上周六,我走进我哥哥的房间,看到他正在看书。
When I opened the door, they were eating pasta. 当我打开门时,他们正在吃意大利面。
过去完成时
我们用过去完成时来说明较早发生的事:比主要事件更早发生的事。
较早的单一事件
我们用过去完成时来说明较早发生的事情或经历,或较早完成的单一行为。
When she cooked the dinner, I had already eaten. 她做晚饭的时候,我已经吃过了。
She noticed that she had been here before. 她注意到她以前来过这里。
When I bought this book, I had never been a fan of reading. 当我买这本书时,我从来都不是喜欢读书的。
He assured me that he had finished reports for the meeting. 他向我保证,他已经完成了会议的报告。
我们用过去完成时来说明,过去稍早时完成了多少事。
We had lived in this city for 15 years and we needed to move to a new country. 我们已经在这个城市生活了 15 年,我们需要搬到一个新的国家。
How many hours had he slept when you woke him up? 当你叫醒他时,他睡了几个小时?
比过去更早的持续时间(静态动词)
我们用过去完成时加静态动词,来表示比过去更早发生的状态或情况。常用的有 how long, for 或 since, always……等等。
When I got married, I had been in this city for 20 years. 当我结婚时,我已经在这个城市生活了 20 年。
The day I left, I had been in Hong Kong for ten years. 离开的那天,我已经在香港十年了。
My friend mentioned to me she had always loved playing guitar. 我的朋友向我提到她一直喜欢弹吉他。
以下是一篇过去时的范例及说明:
Last night, I was walking home when I saw a car running very fast towards a red light. I looked at the driver and I could see that he was talking on his phone. He didn’t stop at the traffic light, and another car crashed into him. When the police arrived, they asked me what had happened and I told them that the driver hadn’t seen the traffic light because he was using his phone.
绿色是一般过去时,是依时间顺序来说明主要事件
黄色是过去进行时,表示在故事中设定背景,或某项进行中的行动(尚未完成)
蓝色是过去完成时,表示在过去是较早发生的
过去式时态 – 练习题
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