在新闻报导和正式写作中,通常使用引述动词(Reporting verbs)的被动式。使用此写作方式可以让我们在不确定信息是否真假,或者当我们想与消息来源保持一定的距离时 (保持写作中立),以此写作方式提供消息。
引述动词是表达”说明”或”据信”的动词,例如:agree, announce, believe, claim, consider, expect, hope, know, report, say, suggest, think, understand 等。我们可以使用这些动词的被动式,以两种不同的写法表示与消息来源保持一定的距离。范例如下:
据说他们在拉斯维加斯。
It is said that they are in Las Vegas.
They are said to be in Las Vegas.
it is said that(据说) … + 主语+ 动词
我们可以使用引述动词的被动式在 It 后面。 It + 引述动词的被动式 + (that) + 子句(主语 +动词)。
It is believed that the pandemic is no longer a threat to humans. 人们认为,大流行不再对人类构成威胁。
It has been announced that classes are suspended because of the rain. 由于下雨,学校宣布停课。
It has been suggested that the teachers must take a day to rest. 有人建议老师们必须休息一天。
It was thought the shop would be on fire. 有人认为这家商店会着火。
someone is said to + 动词原形 (不定式)
当我们在句子的真实主语之后(而不是在 it之后)使用引述动词的被动式时,我们需要在引述动词的被动式之后使用不定式 (to + 动词原形)。
Someone is said to do(某人据说要做…)
当被引述的动作与引述同时发生时,我们可以使用:主语+引述动词被动式+to+动词原形 (不定式)。
She is said to have the most expensive house in the world. 据说她拥有世界上最昂贵的房子。
They were believed to be siblings all this time. 他们一直被认为是兄弟姐妹。
She is expected to become a doctor. 她有望成为一名医生。
Someone is said to be doing (某人据说正持续在做)…
当被引述的动作持续进行中且与引述同时发生时,我们可以使用:主语+引述/转述动词被动式+to be + 动词-ing 。
We are thought to be living with love every minute. 我们被认为每分钟都生活在爱中。
Someone is said to have done(据说某人(已)做过)
当被引述的动作在被引述之前(已)发生时,我们可以使用:主语+引述/转述动词被动式+ to have + 过去分词 。
She was thought to have left the previous week.她被认为是在前一周离开的。 (=她在人们想到之前就离开了)
He is claimed to have hit another student. 据称他打了另一名学生。 (=他先打了另一个学生,人们后来才传出来说是他打的)
英文写作中引述动词的用法 – 练习题
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