什麼是否定副詞倒裝句 (倒裝強調句)?
在正式英語中,我們可以放置一個否定或限制性副詞在句子的一開頭,來加重語氣或使句子更戲劇化。當我們這樣做時,副詞後面跟著一個倒裝:助動詞 + 主詞(+動詞).請參見下面的示例:
I could find my keys nowhere. ⇒ Nowhere could I find my keys.
我哪兒也找不到鑰匙。
沒有助動詞時,我們用 do/does (現在)或 did(過去)。
I understand the true meaning only now. ⇒ Only now do I understand the true meaning. 我現在才明白真正的意思。
I didn’t say anything until she arrived. ⇒ Not until she arrived did I say anything. 我什麼也沒說,直到她來了。
與倒裝強調句一起使用的常見副詞
在下表中,您可以看到一些最常見的否定或限制性副詞,這些副詞有時候會放在句子一開頭來創造強調的感覺。
time | |
Hardly + when | Hardly had we arrived home when we hear the news. 我們剛到家就聽到了這個消息。 |
Barely + when | Barely had I opened the book when Mark put on music. 我剛打開書,馬克就放上了音樂。 |
Scarcely + when | Scarcely had we finished talking when he made the call. 我們剛說完,他就打來了電話。 |
No sooner + than | No sooner had the shop opened its doors than it went bankrupt. 商店剛開門就破產了。 |
only | |
Only if + 子句 | Only if we invest more money can we save the company. 只有我們投入更多的錢,我們才能拯救公司。 |
Only when + 子句 | Only when I sleep can I forget about the incident. 只有當我睡覺的時候,我才能忘記這件事。 |
Only now | Only now can I understand what really happened. 只有現在我才能明白到底發生了什麼。 |
Only + 任何元素 | Only chicken did they serve for dinner. 他們晚餐只供應雞肉。 Only Mark could we trust. 我們只能信任馬克。 |
not | |
Not only + but also | Not only will you get a good result, but you will also be the best. 你不僅會取得好成績,而且你也會成為最好的。 |
Not once | Not once did she look at me at the party. 在聚會上她一次也沒看我一眼。 |
Not since + 子句 | Not since I was a child have I had such a great time. 從我還是個孩子的時候起,我就從未有過如此美好的時光。 |
Not + 任何元素 | Not in a million years will I go back to that hotel. 一百萬年後我都不會回到那家飯店。 Not until I see her again will I be happy. 直到我再次見到她,我才會高興。 |
no | |
Under no circumstances | Under no circumstances should we allow this to happen. 在任何情况下,我們都不應該允許這種情況發生。 |
In no way | In no way am I related to this man. 我與這個人毫無關係。 |
Nowhere | Nowhere were the people more excited than in that stadium. 沒有什麼地方的人們比在體育場裏更興奮了。 |
No way | No way are we going to pay for that. 我們不可能為此付出代價。 |
never, rarely, seldom, little | |
Never | Never (before) have I met such a stupid person. 我從未遇到過這樣愚蠢的人。 Never (before) had she felt so happy. 她從未感到如此幸福。 |
Rarely | Rarely did they speak to each other. 他們很少交談。 |
Seldom | Seldom have we seen him in his office since he took the job. 自從他上任以來,我們很少在他的辦公室見到他。 |
Little | Little did we know about him when we hired him. 當我們雇用他時,我們對他知之甚少。 |
Hardly, barely, scarcely, no sooner
我們通常使用 hardly … when, barely … when, scarcely…when, 和no sooner…than, +過去完成式來做倒裝強調句。
我們用 no sooner … than (注意不是 that 或 when)。
副詞 + 子句 + 倒裝
注意在一些副詞之後,例如 only if 和 only when + 子句(主詞+動詞),倒裝不在子句中,而是作用在主句的主要動詞。請看下面的句子:
Only when I sleep can I forget about the accident. (不是 Only when do I sleep I can…)
其他副詞也會發生同樣的情況,例如 not since 和 not until + 子句(主詞+動詞),倒裝從不在子句中,而是作用在主句的主要動詞。請看下面的句子:
Not since I was a child have I had such a great time. (不是Not since was I a child I’ve had…)
如果你有猶豫,看看沒有倒裝的 (開頭沒有否定副詞)句子,會更明白些。
I can forget about the accident only when I sleep.
I haven’t had such a great time since I was a child.
Not
在倒裝強調句中,我們必須使用 not +另一個元素。
Not often can we see such great expressions of art. (不能說Not can we see such great expressions of art often.)
頻率副詞
我們也可以在否定或限制性頻率副詞後使用倒裝強調句,例如 seldom 很少, rarely 極少, 或 never 絕不。
我們經常使用 never 陳述經驗。在那種情況下,我們通常使用現在完成式或過去完成式。
倒裝強調句 – 練習題
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