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什麼是否定副詞倒裝句 (倒裝強調句)?

在正式英語中,我們可以放置一個否定或限制性副詞在句子的一開頭,來加重語氣或使句子更戲劇化。當我們這樣做時,副詞後面跟著一個倒裝:助動詞 + 主詞(+動詞).請參見下面的示例:

I could find my keys nowhere. ⇒ Nowhere could I find my keys. 
我哪兒也找不到鑰匙。

沒有助動詞時,我們用 do/does (現在)或  did(過去)。

I understand the true meaning only now. ⇒ Only now do I understand the true meaning.  我現在才明白真正的意思。

I didn’t say anything until she arrived. ⇒ Not until she arrived did I say anything.  我什麼也沒說,直到她來了。

與倒裝強調句一起使用的常見副詞

在下表中,您可以看到一些最常見的否定或限制性副詞,這些副詞有時候會放在句子一開頭來創造強調的感覺。

time 
Hardly + whenHardly had we arrived home when we hear the news.
我們剛到家就聽到了這個消息。
Barely + whenBarely had I opened the book when Mark put on music.
我剛打開書,馬克就放上了音樂。
Scarcely + whenScarcely had we finished talking when he made the call.
我們剛說完,他就打來了電話。
No sooner + thanNo sooner had the shop opened its doors than it went bankrupt.
商店剛開門就破產了。
only 
Only if + 子句Only if we invest more money can we save the company.
只有我們投入更多的錢,我們才能拯救公司。
Only when + 子句Only when I sleep can I forget about the incident.
只有當我睡覺的時候,我才能忘記這件事。
Only nowOnly now can I understand what really happened.
只有現在我才能明白到底發生了什麼。
Only + 任何元素Only chicken did they serve for dinner.
他們晚餐只供應雞肉。
Only Mark could we trust.
我們只能信任馬克。
not 
Not only + but alsoNot only will you get a good result, but you will also be the best.
你不僅會取得好成績,而且你也會成為最好的。
Not onceNot once did she look at me at the party.
在聚會上她一次也沒看我一眼。
Not since + 子句Not since I was a child have I had such a great time.
從我還是個孩子的時候起,我就從未有過如此美好的時光。
Not + 任何元素Not in a million years will I go back to that hotel.
一百萬年後我都不會回到那家飯店。
Not until I see her again will I be happy.
直到我再次見到她,我才會高興。
no 
Under no circumstancesUnder no circumstances should we allow this to happen.
在任何情况下,我們都不應該允許這種情況發生。
In no wayIn no way am I related to this man.
我與這個人毫無關係。
NowhereNowhere were the people more excited than in that stadium.
沒有什麼地方的人們比在體育場裏更興奮了。
No wayNo way are we going to pay for that.
我們不可能為此付出代價。
never, rarely, seldom, little 
NeverNever (before) have I met such a stupid person.
我從未遇到過這樣愚蠢的人。
Never (before) had she felt so happy.
她從未感到如此幸福。
RarelyRarely did they speak to each other.
他們很少交談。
SeldomSeldom have we seen him in his office since he took the job.
自從他上任以來,我們很少在他的辦公室見到他。
LittleLittle did we know about him when we hired him.
當我們雇用他時,我們對他知之甚少。

Hardly, barely, scarcely, no sooner

我們通常使用 hardly … when, barely … when, scarcely…when, 和no sooner…than, +過去完成式來做倒裝強調句。

我們用 no sooner … than (注意不是 that 或 when)。

副詞 + 子句 + 倒裝

注意在一些副詞之後,例如 only if only when + 子句(主詞+動詞),倒裝不在子句中,而是作用在主句的主要動詞。請看下面的句子:

Only when I sleep can I forget about the accident. (不是 Only when do I sleep I can…)

其他副詞也會發生同樣的情況,例如 not since not until + 子句(主詞+動詞),倒裝從不在子句中,而是作用在主句的主要動詞。請看下面的句子:

Not since I was a child have I had such a great time. (不是Not since was I a child I’ve had…)

如果你有猶豫,看看沒有倒裝的 (開頭沒有否定副詞)句子,會更明白些。

I can forget about the accident only when I sleep. 
I haven’t had such a great time since I was a child.

Not

在倒裝強調句中,我們必須使用 not +另一個元素

Not often can we see such great expressions of art. (不能說Not can we see such great expressions of art often.)

頻率副詞

我們也可以在否定或限制性頻率副詞後使用倒裝強調句,例如 seldom 很少, rarely 極少,  或 never 絕不

我們經常使用 never 陳述經驗。在那種情況下,我們通常使用現在完成式或過去完成式。

倒裝強調句 – 練習題

1. He can speak French but   it in public, and almost never when on diplomatic duty.

2.   those words   all the newspapers published them.

3.   the stress she was under.

4.   the world gets rid of all nuclear weapons   truly safe.

5. such dedicated and honest leaders.

6. what was in store for him after he landed here.

7.   the votes been counted   they started breaking promises.

8.   we are able to reinvent ourselves   to succeed in business and life.

9.   ever said anything to damage his reputation.

10.   the South Americans lose their ice-cold concentration, and fail to control the ball.


 

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