過去完成式的形式
過去完成式的形式為 had/hadn’t + 動詞的過去分詞:
He hadn’t been there before. 他以前沒有去過那裡。
I had never worked. 我從來沒有工作過。
所有人稱的過去完成式都是一樣的。
I/you/he/she/it/we/they had left when I arrived
可以把 had 縮寫成 ‘d。
He finished the report after he’d talked to the boss. 和老闆談完後,他完成了報告。
過去完成式的用法
當說明過去並且想要說明比過去更早發生的事件時要用過去完成式。
I went to the party after I had completed the task. 完成任務後我去參加了晚會。
Yesterday my dad told me that he had seen you in the zoo. 昨天我爸爸告訴我他在動物園見過你。
過去完成式 or 過去簡單式?
過去簡單式可以以時間先後描述一系列過去的事件,而過去完成式可以清楚說明其中有個事件在此過去更早已經發生。 比較兩個句子:
When I returned home, she washed the dishes.當我回到家時,她洗了碗。 (=我回家後她洗了碗。)
When I returned home, she had already washed the dishes.當我回到家時,她已經洗好了碗。 (=她在我回家之前洗了碗。)
注意這些常見的錯誤!
要記得 would 後面要加不定式而 had 後面要加過去分詞。
I’d like to go to the beach. (= would) 我想去海灘。
I found that he’d completed his homework. (= had) 我發現他已經完成了作業。
過去完成式 – 練習題
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